American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO) Practice Exam

What condition is characterized by cloudiness of the crystalline lens?

1. Glaucoma

2. Cataract

3. Macular degeneration

4. Retinal detachment

The correct answer is: Cataract

The cloudiness of the crystalline lens is a hallmark feature of cataracts. This condition occurs when the normally clear lens of the eye becomes opaque or cloudy, resulting in blurred vision and difficulty seeing in low light. Cataracts can develop gradually and are most commonly associated with aging, although other factors such as trauma, certain medications, and systemic diseases can also contribute to their formation. In contrast, glaucoma primarily affects the optic nerve and is often associated with increased intraocular pressure, leading to vision loss over time. Macular degeneration deals mainly with the deterioration of the macula, affecting central vision, while retinal detachment involves the separation of the retina from the underlying tissue, which can lead to severe vision loss if not treated promptly. Each of these conditions affects different parts of the eye and does not cause cloudiness of the lens like cataracts do.